ABSTRACT
La deficiencia de vitamina B 12 es la causa más frecuente de anemia después del origen ferropénico. Objetivo: establecer el perfil sociodemográfico y clínico en anemia megaloblástica. Materiales y métodos: serie de pacientes hospitalizados con anemia megaloblástica entre enero 2010 y diciembre 2011 en los hospitales de San José e Infantil Universitario de San José, Bogotá DC. Resultados: 17 casos, 11 en hombres. Edad promedio 59 años (DE: 15.8 años, rango: 37-82), 88% casados, estrato dos 76.4%, pensionados 17%, con ingresos de dos salarios mínimos legales vigentes mensuales 94.1% y conviven con más de dos personas 75.4%. Siete pacientes (41.1%) con déficit combinado de ácido fólico y vitamina B12, de vitamina B 12 tres (17.6%) y de ácido fólico dos (14.2%). Las manifestaciones más frecuentes fueron anorexia (70.5%), piel seca (62.5%), glositis atrófica (29,4%) e ictericia (23.5%). Se observó asociación con enfermedad autoinmune en 17.6%, neoplasias de origen no hematológico 11.7% y consumo crónico de alcohol 35.3%. Conclusión: la mayoría pertenecieron a estrato socioeconómico bajo, con ingresos limitados y familias constituidas por más de dos personas. Las manifestaciones más frecuentes fueron digestivas, dermatológicas y neurológicas. Se encontró déficit combinado de vitamina B12 y ácido fólico, exclusivo de ácido fólico asociado con consumo crónico de alcohol y solo de vitamina B 12...
Vitamin B12 deficiency is the second leading cause of anemia following iron deficiency. Objective: to establish the social and demographic profile of megaloblastic anemia. Materials and Methods: series of inpatients diagnosed with mega loblastic anemia admitted to San José and Infantil Universitario de San José hospitals, Bogotá DC, between January 2010 and December 2011. Results: of the 17 cases included 11 were men; mean age was 59 years (SD: 15.8 years, range: 37-82), 88% were married, 76.4% belonged to level two socioeconomic stratum, 17% were retired, 94.1% earned two legal minimum monthly salaries and 75.4% lived with more than two family members. Seven patients (41.1%) had a combined deficiency of folic acid and vitamin B12, three (17.6%) only a vitamin B12 deficiency and two (14.2%) only a folic acid deficiency. The most frequent manifestations were anorexia (70.5%), dry skin (62.5%), atrophic glossitis (29.4%) and jaundice (23.5%). Association with an autoimmune disease was seen in 17.6%, with non-hematologic neoplasms 11.7% and with chronic alcohol abuse 35.3%. Conclusion: most patients belonged to a low socioeconomic stratum with limited income and families with more than two members. The most frequent manifestations were digestive, dermatologic and neurological disorders. Combined deficiency of vitamin B12 and folic acid, only of folic acid associated with chronic alcohol abuse and only of vitamin B12 was found...